Sandstone (Ferruginous)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Reddish-brown to orange (due to iron oxide), Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of sand-sized mineral grains), Cleavage: None, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized grains of mineral, rock, or organic material. The red color suggests deposition in an oxidizing environment where iron-rich water cemented the grains together. Commonly formed in deserts or river beds.

Used primarily in building construction as a dimension stone, road base material, and in glass manufacturing (if high silica). Frequently collected as garden decor or for educational samples.

Sandstone is one of the most common types of sedimentary rock and can hold vast quantities of groundwater in its pores, making it a critical aquifer source. The iconic red rocks of the American Southwest (like those in Sedona or Zion) are vast formations of ferruginous sandstone.

Identify by its 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains. Often found in riverbeds or outcrops. Use a magnifying glass to check for rounded quartz grains and streaks of iron staining.