sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (Sedimentary rock comprising sand-sized grains)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs scale; Color: Brown, tan, reddish (iron-stained); Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (non-crystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs scale
- Color
- Brown, tan, reddish (iron-stained)
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs scale; Color: Brown, tan, reddish (iron-stained); Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (non-crystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments (usually quartz or feldspar) in environments like deserts, river deltas, or beaches. It can range from millions to billions of years old.
Uses & applications
Used widely as a construction material (dimension stone), in glass making (high-silica variants), as a reservoir for oil and groundwater, and as a material for sharpening tools (whetstones).
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations in Sedona, Arizona, and the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering (bedding). It is found globally in sedimentary basins. Collectors often look for colorful banding or fossil inclusions.
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