sedimentary
Sandstone (likely Graywacke or Arkosic varieties)
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, or grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None/Fragmentary; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Brown, tan, or grey
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, or grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None/Fragmentary; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in riverbeds, deserts, or coastal environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in construction as building stone, pavers, and crushed stone. Fine specimens are used in glass making or as grindstones.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous Red Rocks Amphitheatre and many ancient structures in Petra, Jordan, are carved from sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinctive 'sandpaper' feel when rubbed. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and eroded mountain ranges. Look for layering (stratification) in larger outcroppings.
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