sedimentary
Sandstone (with Limonite staining)
Arenite (primarily SiO2 with FeO(OH)·nH2O)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brownish-yellow, tan, or rusty; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Brownish-yellow, tan, or rusty
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brownish-yellow, tan, or rusty; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (detritus). This specific specimen shows yellow/brown staining from Limonite, an iron oxide mineral, indicating formation in an oxidizing environment with groundwater mineral precipitation.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in building construction as a paving or decorative stone; also used in glass manufacturing if the quartz content is high and pure.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common types of sedimentary rock and is often used to map ancient desert or riverbed environments. Grand Canyon layers are famous examples of sandstone stratification.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains. Often found in current or ancient riverbeds, deserts, and coastal areas. It will not fizz with acid unless it contains calcite cement.
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