sedimentary

Sandstone (Quartzose)

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5-7 (based on quartz grains); Color: Tan, beige, or yellow-brown; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6
Color: Tan, beige, or yellow-brown
Luster: Dull to earthy

Identified May 7, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 (based on quartz grains); Color: Tan, beige, or yellow-brown; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in shallow marine, river, or desert environments. This process, called lithification, often occurs over millions of years as layers of sediment are compressed.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction for building stone, paving blocks, and house siding. It is also an important reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous 'Wave' formation in Arizona is a spectacular example of Navajo Sandstone showing prehistoric desert dune cross-bedding.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its 'sandpaper' texture and visible mineral grains. It often feels gritty to the touch. Look for layering (stratification) and cross-bedding features in larger outcrops.