sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (if silica-cemented); Color: Tan, beige, or pale yellow; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.0-2.6

Hardness: 6-7 (if silica-cemented)
Color: Tan, beige, or pale yellow
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified March 14, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (if silica-cemented); Color: Tan, beige, or pale yellow; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.0-2.6

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Over millions of years, these layers are compacted and cemented (lithification) by minerals like silica or calcium carbonate. Found in many geological eras including the Paleozoic and Mesozoic.

Uses & applications

Commonly used in construction as a building material, house siding, decorative paving, and in the manufacturing of glass and grindstones.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon and Petra in Jordan are both made of types of sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible layers (bedding). It is found globally in deserts, riverbeds, and coastal areas. Collectors look for unique patterns like cross-bedding or fossil leaf impressions.