sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (SiO2 with iron oxide impurities)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: reddish-brown to tan; Luster: matte/dull; Structure: clastic/granular; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- reddish-brown to tan
- Luster
- matte/dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: reddish-brown to tan; Luster: matte/dull; Structure: clastic/granular; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains, typically quartz and feldspar, in environments like riverbeds, deserts, or marine basins. The reddish hue indicates iron oxide cementation.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, paving stones, and for ornamental rock in landscaping. Finely crushed sandstone is used in glassmaking.
Geological facts
Sandstone can preserve fossil footprints and ripple marks from ancient environments. It is one of the most common types of sedimentary rock on Earth's crust.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible layering (bedding planes). Found globally in sedimentary basins. Collectors often look for unique erosion patterns or banding (Liesegang rings).
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