igneous

Granite

Phaneritic plutonic rock (SiO2 + Al2O3 + K2O + Na2O + CaO)

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale. Color: Salt-and-pepper look with pink, white, gray, and black. Luster: Vitreous to dull. Crystal structure: Phaneritic (large, visible crystals). Cleavage: Varies by constituent mineral.

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale
Color: Salt-and-pepper look with pink, white, gray, and black
Luster: Vitreous to dull

Identified May 27, 2026More igneous →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. Primarily found in continental crust and mountain ranges, often dating back hundreds of millions to billions of years.

Uses & applications

Used extensively in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stone, monuments, and as crushed stone for road base. Long-lasting and resistant to weathering.

Geological facts

Granite makes up the majority of the Earth's continental crust. Mount Rushmore is carved into a massive granite batholith in South Dakota.

Field identification & locations

Recognized by visible interlocking crystals of quartz (glassy), feldspar (opaque white/pink), and mica (shiny black/silver flakes). Found globally in continental shields and mountain belts.

Other igneous specimens

See all

Blue Apatite

Fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F)

mineral

Dark Igneous Rock (Likely Basalt or Diabase)

Basalt (extrusive igneous rock) or Diabase (intrusive igneous rock - also known as Dolerite), largely composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene (augite), and sometimes olivine and amphibole. Exact mineralogy would require thin section analysis.

Igneous

Dalmatian Jasper

Aplite with Arfvedsonite inclusions

igneous

Magnetite

Iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3O4)

mineral

Blue Apatite

Apatite (Group), Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)

mineral

Sodalite

Sodalite - Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2

mineral