sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or yellowish-orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Gritty, sandpaper-like surface; Structure: Clastic; Cleavage: None.

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Tan, brown, or yellowish-orange
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified March 25, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or yellowish-orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Gritty, sandpaper-like surface; Structure: Clastic; Cleavage: None.

Formation & geological history

Formed from the accumulation of sand-sized grains (mostly quartz) in environments like deserts, river beds, or beaches. Over millions of years, these grains are compacted and cemented together by minerals like silica or calcium carbonate.

Uses & applications

Commonly used as a building material, in road construction, for making grindstones, and sometimes as a decorative stone in landscaping.

Geological facts

Sandstone accounts for roughly 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Familiar landmarks like the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of layers of sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinctive gritty feel (like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. It is often found in outcrop layers or near bodies of water. For collectors, it is a common but foundational part of a sedimentary collection.