sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, yellow, or reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Tan, brown, yellow, or reddish
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, yellow, or reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (clasts) the size of sand. Most sandstones are formed in river, lake, or ocean environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used as a building material, paving stone, and decorative facades. It is also used in the glass industry and as a reservoir rock for water and petroleum.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous formations include the Grand Canyon and the red rocks of Sedona, Arizona.
Field identification & locations
Identify by the gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. Often displays visible layering or cross-bedding. Found globally in deserts, riverbeds, and coastal regions.
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