sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (lithic or quartz sandstone)

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz content); Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz content)
Color: Tan, brown, or buff
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified June 4, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz content); Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, which are then lithified (cemented) over millions of years by pressure and mineral-rich groundwater. Commonly deposits in rivers, deserts, and coastal environments.

Uses & applications

Extensively used as a building material, paving stone, and decorative cladding due to its durability. High-purity quartz sandstone is also used as a source for silica in glass manufacturing.

Geological facts

Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on Earth. It often contains fossils and serves as a major reservoir for groundwater and petroleum because of its porosity.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. Found globally in geological formations like the Grand Canyon or the red rocks of Sedona.