sedimentary
Jasper (specifically Picture Jasper or Landscape Jasper)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Opaque variety of Chalcedony/Quartz
Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Earthy tones of tan, yellow, and brown; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Hexagonal (cryptocrystalline); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.58-2.91
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Earthy tones of tan, yellow, and brown
- Luster
- Vitreous to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Earthy tones of tan, yellow, and brown; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Hexagonal (cryptocrystalline); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.58-2.91
Formation & geological history
Formed through the infiltration of silica-rich fluids into volcanic ash or fine-grained sediments during the Cenozoic era. The distinct 'landscape' patterns are caused by the flow of mineral-rich water (iron and manganese) during the stone's petrifaction.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry for cabochons, beads, and rings; also used for decorative ornaments, mosaics, and as a collector's gemstone due to its unique patterns.
Geological facts
Picture Jasper is often referred to as 'Nature's Canvas' because its dendritic and banded patterns frequently resemble miniature landscapes, mountains, or desert scenes. It has been used since ancient times for talismans and seals.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its opacity (it will not let light through even at the edges), smooth waxy feel when polished, and high hardness (it can scratch glass). Commonly found in regions with historical volcanic activity, such as Oregon (USA), South Africa, and Brazil.
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