sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or earthy yellow; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale)
Color: Tan, brown, or earthy yellow
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified March 14, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or earthy yellow; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in desert, river, or coastal environments over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction as a building stone, for glass manufacturing (if high silica content), and as a reservoir rock for petroleum and groundwater.

Geological facts

Sandstone accounts for approximately 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous landmarks like the Grand Canyon and the Treasury at Petra are carved or formed from layers of sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' texture and visible layers (bedding). It is found globally in sedimentary basins. Collectors often look for fossil inclusions or unique 'picture' patterns formed by iron oxides.