sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 based clastic rock)

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or reddish due to iron oxide; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy) texture; Cleavage: None (breaks across grains); Specific gravity: 2.2 - 2.8

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs
Color: Tan, brown, or reddish due to iron oxide
Luster: Dull or earthy

Identified January 15, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (0.0625 to 2 mm). This specimen shows distinct bedding planes (stratification) formed by successive layers of sediment in a riverbed, desert, or marine environment over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Extensively used as a building material and paving stone due to its durability. In industry, high-purity quartz sandstone is crushed for glass making and used as a reservoir rock for petroleum and natural gas.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The distinct bands seen in this specimen are called 'laminations' and represent changes in the energy of the water or wind that deposited the grains.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by its 'gritty' feel (like sandpaper) when rubbed. Look for visible layers or bedding planes. It is commonly found in the Grand Canyon, the Red Rocks of Colorado, and various desert plateau regions globally.