sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (depending on cementation); Color: Tan, buff, or desert sand; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2 - 2.8.

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (depending on cementation)
Color: Tan, buff, or desert sand
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified March 23, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (depending on cementation); Color: Tan, buff, or desert sand; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2 - 2.8.

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (clastic) usually deposited in deserts, riverbeds, or marine environments. It can range in age from Precambrian to recent deposits.

Uses & applications

Commonly used as a building material, masonry, and road base. Fine-grained varieties are used for grindstones or as a source of silica for glass manufacturing.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon and the 'Wave' in Arizona are primarily composed of various layers of sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinctive 'sandpaper' texture and visible granular layers or cross-bedding. Common in arid regions or ancient coastal basins. It will not fizz with weak acid unless it has a calcitic cement.