sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: tan, yellow, or light brown; Luster: dull; Crystal structure: clastic texture with sand-sized grains; Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- tan, yellow, or light brown
- Luster
- dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: tan, yellow, or light brown; Luster: dull; Crystal structure: clastic texture with sand-sized grains; Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically formed in river beds, beaches, or deserts over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction for building stone, paving, and as an aggregate. Also used as a glassmaking material or for grinding tools.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common types of sedimentary rock and often contains fossils. The Grand Canyon is largely composed of various sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. Commonly found in sedimentary basins and arid regions globally.
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