sedimentary
Bituminous Coal
Bituminous coal (Carbonaceous sedimentary rock)
Hardness: 0.5 - 2.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Black to dark brown; Luster: Sub-metallic to dull; Structure: Fragmental/layered; Cleavage: Poorly developed/Blocky fracture; Specific Gravity: 1.1 - 1.4.
- Hardness
- 0
- Color
- Black to dark brown
- Luster
- Sub-metallic to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 0.5 - 2.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Black to dark brown; Luster: Sub-metallic to dull; Structure: Fragmental/layered; Cleavage: Poorly developed/Blocky fracture; Specific Gravity: 1.1 - 1.4.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the burial and heating of peat under high pressure over millions of years (principally Carboniferous period). It is a denser and harder stage of coal formation above lignite and sub-bituminous coal.
Uses & applications
Primary source for electricity generation, used in the production of coke for steel manufacturing, and as a fuel for industrial steam systems.
Geological facts
It is the most abundant rank of coal in the United States. It contains between 45% and 86% carbon and is often referred to as 'soft coal' despite being harder than lignite.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its dark black color, tendency to break into blocks, and 'dirty' soot-like residue when handled. Found in deep sedimentary basins such as the Appalachian or Illinois Basins.
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