sedimentary
Sandstone (specifically Flagstone)
Arenite (primarily composed of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, sandy gold; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic, fine to medium-grained; Cleavage: None (splits along bedding planes); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Tan, brown, sandy gold
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, sandy gold; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic, fine to medium-grained; Cleavage: None (splits along bedding planes); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Typically deposited in desert, river, or coastal environments over millions of years. This specimen likely dates from the Paleozoic or Mesozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for paving, patios (flagstone), wall cladding, and decorative landscaping. It is also used as a reservoir rock in the petroleum industry.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon and the 'Wave' in Arizona are iconic examples of massive sandstone formations.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel and visible layers (bedding planes). It is commonly found in sedimentary basins worldwide, particularly in the American Southwest and Northern England. Collectors look for 'Picture Sandstone' which contains iron oxide dendrites.
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