sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartzose Sandstone)
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz); Color: Tan, beige, or light grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (visible sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.3–2.4
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz)
- Color
- Tan, beige, or light grey
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz); Color: Tan, beige, or light grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (visible sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.3–2.4
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (0.0625 to 2 mm in size). This specific rounded specimen indicates transport and erosion by water (alluvial/river) or wave action, smoothing the edges over hundreds to thousands of years.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction as a building material, for paving stones, for glass manufacturing (if high silica), and as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous formations include the Antelope Canyon in Arizona and the sandstone used to build the White House in Washington, D.C.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible grains. Often found in riverbeds, beaches, and desert environments. For collectors, look for unique patterns like cross-bedding or fossils contained within.
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