sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (composed primarily of Quartz: SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (variable based on cement); Color: Tan, brown, or reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grains); Cleavage: None (fractures around grains); Specific Gravity: 2.1 to 2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs (variable based on cement)
- Color
- Tan, brown, or reddish
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (variable based on cement); Color: Tan, brown, or reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grains); Cleavage: None (fractures around grains); Specific Gravity: 2.1 to 2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in river beds, beaches, or deserts. Geological age varies from Precambrian to recent deposits.
Uses & applications
Primary use in construction as a building stone, decorative pavers, and aggregate. High-purity quartz sandstone is used in glass manufacturing and as an industrial abrasive.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It often preserves fossils and primary structures like ripple marks or cross-bedding from ancient dunes.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'gritty' sandpaper feel when rubbed. Found globally in canyon walls and outcrops. For collectors, look for 'Liesegang rings' or color banding caused by iron oxidation.
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