sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, beige, or yellow-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Tan, beige, or yellow-brown
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified March 31, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, beige, or yellow-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (0.0625 to 2 mm). Most sandstones are formed in deserts, riverbeds, or beaches over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Commonly used as a building material, paving stone, and in the production of glass. It also serves as an important aquifer for groundwater and a reservoir for oil and gas.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up approximately 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon and Petra in Jordan are primarily composed of sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. It can be found globally in arid regions and coastal areas. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.