sedimentary
Shale
Argillaceous sedimentary rock
Hardness: 3 (Mohs scale), Color: Dark grey to black, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Structure: Fissile/Laminated, Cleavage: Parallel to bedding planes
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 (Mohs scale), Color: Dark grey to black, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Structure: Fissile/Laminated, Cleavage: Parallel to bedding planes
Formation & geological history
Formed by the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles (mud) in slow-moving water environments like lake bottoms or deep ocean basins.
Uses & applications
Used in the manufacture of cement, brick, and tile. Significant as a source rock for oil and natural gas (shale gas).
Geological facts
Shale is the most common sedimentary rock in the Earth's crust. It often contains abundant fossils and is the primary source for hydrocarbon extraction through fracking.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its thin layers (fissility) and tendency to split easily along flat planes. Found globally in sedimentary basins.
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