sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (with Iron Oxide cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, yellow, reddish-brown due to iron oxidation; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8; Feel: Rough, like sandpaper.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, yellow, reddish-brown due to iron oxidation
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, yellow, reddish-brown due to iron oxidation; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8; Feel: Rough, like sandpaper.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and lithification of sand-sized mineral grains (usually quartz) in environments like deserts, riverbeds, or beaches. The iron oxide acts as a natural cementing agent, often dating from various geological periods, commonly the Paleozoic to Mesozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Used widely as a building material, paving stone, and decorative garden stone. It is also an important reservoir rock for groundwater, oil, and natural gas due to its porosity.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% to 25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations in Sedona, Arizona, and the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of ferruginous sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinctive 'gritty' texture when rubbed. It often shows visible bedding planes (layers). It is found globally in sedimentary basins. Collectors should look for specimens with interesting ripple marks or trace fossils.
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