sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartzose)
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, brown, or yellowish-brown due to iron oxide staining, Luster: dull to earthy, Crystal structure: granular/clastic, Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, brown, or yellowish-brown due to iron oxide staining, Luster: dull to earthy, Crystal structure: granular/clastic, Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. This specimen appears to be water-worn, suggesting a secondary transport process in a river or coastal environment. Sedimentary rocks can range from millions to billions of years old.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in the construction industry as building stone, road base material, and for concrete aggregate. Fine specimens are used for ornamental landscape stone and classroom teaching tools.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on Earth and often acts as a natural aquifer, storing groundwater or petroleum in its porous structure. Famous landforms like the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify it in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel and visible grain particles. It is found globally in basins, riverbeds, and deserts. For collectors, look for cross-bedding patterns or fossils held within the matrix.
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