sedimentary

Travertine

Tufa limestone (CaCO3)

Hardness: 3-4 Mohs; Color: Tan, cream, beige; Luster: Dull to pearly; Crystal structure: Trigonal (calcite); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral; Specific gravity: 2.71

Hardness: 3-4 Mohs
Color: Tan, cream, beige
Luster: Dull to pearly

Identified June 24, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 3-4 Mohs; Color: Tan, cream, beige; Luster: Dull to pearly; Crystal structure: Trigonal (calcite); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral; Specific gravity: 2.71

Formation & geological history

Formed by the rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate, often at the mouth of hot springs or in limestone caves. It is a terrestrial sedimentary rock common in the Quaternary period.

Uses & applications

Extensively used as a building material for flooring, wall cladding, and pavers. Historically used in Roman monuments like the Colosseum.

Geological facts

Travertine is characterized by pitted holes and channels in its surface, caused by trapped gas bubbles and organic matter during formation. The largest travertine building in the world is the Roman Colosseum.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its porous, fibrous appearance and reaction to dilute hydrochloric acid. Commonly found in Italy (Tivoli), Turkey, and Yellowstone National Park (Mammoth Hot Springs).