sedimentary
Sandstone (lithic/greywacke variant)
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2 with rock fragments)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Grey to brownish-grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of rounded or angular grains); Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly); Specific gravity: 2.2 - 2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Grey to brownish-grey
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Grey to brownish-grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of rounded or angular grains); Cleavage: None (fractures irregularly); Specific gravity: 2.2 - 2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in riverbeds, oceans, or deserts over millions of years (clastic sedimentation).
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction as an aggregate, for paving, building stone, and historically for grindstones. Small specimens are used for educational geological kits.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It acts as a massive natural filter and is one of the most important reservoir rocks for groundwater and petroleum.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'sandpaper' feel. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins, canyons, and riverbanks across the globe. Look for faint layering or bedding planes which are typical of its formation.
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