sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically grey, tan, or reddish; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: granular/clastic; Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- typically grey, tan, or reddish
- Luster
- dull/earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: typically grey, tan, or reddish; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: granular/clastic; Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (usually quartz or feldspar) over millions of years in deserts, riverbeds, or ocean floors.
Uses & applications
Widely used as a construction material (flagstone), in glass manufacturing (if high silica), for making grindstones, and as a popular landscape stone.
Geological facts
Sandstone formations like the Grand Canyon or Petra in Jordan showcase the endurance of this rock. It is one of the most common sedimentary rocks in the Earth's crust.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'sandpaper' texture and visible layers (bedding). It is found globally in sedimentary basins. Collectors often look for examples with unique fossils or 'picture' banding.
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