sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: tan, reddish-brown, or earthy tones; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: clastic texture (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2 - 2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: tan, reddish-brown, or earthy tones
Luster: dull/earthy

Identified March 30, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: tan, reddish-brown, or earthy tones; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: clastic texture (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2 - 2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Most sandstone is billions to millions of years old, forming in desert, river, or coastal environments via lithification.

Uses & applications

Used widely as a construction material (flagstone, building blocks), in glass manufacturing (pure silica varieties), and as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous landmarks like the Grand Canyon and the treasury at Petra are carved from or composed of sandstone layers.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its 'gritty' feel, similar to sandpaper, and visible grain layers. Common worldwide. Collectors look for unique banding (wonderstone) or fossil inclusions.