sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3/FeO(OH) cementing agents)
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: Yellow, orange, brownish-red due to iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2 - 2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (individual grains)
- Color
- Yellow, orange, brownish-red due to iron oxide staining
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: Yellow, orange, brownish-red due to iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2 - 2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and subsequent lithification of sand-sized mineral grains (primarily quartz). The orange staining indicates iron-rich groundwater precipitation. Can range from hundreds of millions to thousands of years old depending on the geological basin.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction as a building stone or paving material. Crushed sandstone is used in road base and glass manufacturing (if high silica content).
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The 'rust' color in specimens like this is caused by the mineral Limonite or Hematite acting as a natural cement between the sand grains.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand-sized grains. It is extremely common in desert environments and ancient riverbeds. Look for bedding planes or layering.
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