sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, beige, or yellow; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (not crystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2 - 2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-rich)
Color: Tan, beige, or yellow
Luster: Dull or earthy

Identified March 17, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, beige, or yellow; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (not crystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2 - 2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (0.0625 to 2 mm). It typically forms in river beds, beaches, or desert environments over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Predominantly used as a building material, paving stone, and in the manufacturing of glass. High-quality sandstone is also carved for ornamental statues.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon and the 'Wave' in Arizona are made of different layers of sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its 'gritty' feel, similar to sandpaper, and visible grain structure. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and arid regions. Collectors should look for cross-bedding patterns or ripple marks.