sedimentary
Sandstone (with prominent jointing/fractures)
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (if silica-cemented); Color: tan, buff, or light brown; Luster: earthy or dull; Crystal structure: granular clastic texture; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (if silica-cemented)
- Color
- tan, buff, or light brown
- Luster
- earthy or dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (if silica-cemented); Color: tan, buff, or light brown; Luster: earthy or dull; Crystal structure: granular clastic texture; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. The prominent linear features shown are joints/fractures caused by tectonic stress or unloading. Most common in Paleozoic to Mesozoic strata.
Uses & applications
Primary use in construction as aggregate, dimension stone for buildings, and as a reservoir rock for petroleum, natural gas, and groundwater aquifers.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up approximately 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The Antelope Canyon in Arizona is a world-famous example of sculpted sandstone formations.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'sandpaper' feel when rubbed and visible layers (bedding planes). Frequently found in canyon walls, cliffs, and quarries across the American Southwest and sedimentary basins globally.
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