sedimentary
Sandstone (with cross-bedding)
Arenite (composed primarily of Quartz: SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale); Color: Gray, tan, brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grains held together by mineral cement); Cleavage: None (fractures across grains); SG: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (on Mohs scale)
- Color
- Gray, tan, brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale); Color: Gray, tan, brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grains held together by mineral cement); Cleavage: None (fractures across grains); SG: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The horizontal lines (lamination) suggest deposition in a low-energy water environment or by wind cycles over geological periods typically ranging from millions to hundreds of millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in building construction as dimension stone, flagstone for paving, and as an abrasive in industrial manufacturing. High-purity quartz sandstone is used in glass making.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for roughly 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The visible layering inside this specimen represents different periods of sedimentation, acting like a timeline of local environmental conditions.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'sandpaper' texture and visible layering (bedding). It can often be scratched with a steel blade but will generally scratch glass. Common in basins and canyons worldwide.
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