sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 based)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or buff due to iron oxide; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: approx. 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Tan, brown, or buff due to iron oxide
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or buff due to iron oxide; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: approx. 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, cemented together by pressure and silica or calcite. Common in ancient river beds, deserts, and marine environments.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as a building and paving material, for grindstones, and sometimes as a source of silica for glass manufacturing.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10 to 25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth and is a major reservoir for groundwater and oil due to its porosity.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. Often displays bedding layers. Found globally in canyon lands and sedimentary basins.
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