sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 based with cement)

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.1-2.8

Hardness: 6
Color: Tan, brown, reddish
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified June 16, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, reddish; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.1-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (sand) in marine or terrestrial environments such as river beds, deserts, or beaches over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction as a building material, decorative stone, for making grindstones, and in the glass manufacturing industry once crushed.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations of the American Southwest, like Antelope Canyon and Zion National Park, are composed of sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand-sized grains. Found globally in areas with ancient sedimentary basins or river systems.