igneous

Granite

Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Salt-and-pepper (white, grey, black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Dependent on mineral constituents; Specific gravity: 2.63 to 2.75.

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale
Color: Salt-and-pepper (white, grey, black)
Luster: Vitreous to dull

Identified May 15, 2026More igneous →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed from the slow crystallization of silica-rich magma beneath the Earth's surface at high pressure and temperature. Most granite dates back to the Precambrian or Paleozoic eras.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.

Geological facts

Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. It is one of the hardest substances in the world, second only to diamonds. Famous landmarks like Mount Rushmore are carved from granite.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its visible interlocking crystals of quartz, feldspar, and mica. It is commonly found in mountain ranges and continental shields globally. Smaller specimens are ubiquitous in gravel or rocky outcrops.

Other igneous specimens

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Blue Apatite

Fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F)

mineral

Dark Igneous Rock (Likely Basalt or Diabase)

Basalt (extrusive igneous rock) or Diabase (intrusive igneous rock - also known as Dolerite), largely composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene (augite), and sometimes olivine and amphibole. Exact mineralogy would require thin section analysis.

Igneous