sedimentary
Sandstone (likely Arkose or Quartz Sandstone)
Arenite (SiO2 + varied clasts)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz content); Color: Tan, yellowish-brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular, feels like sandpaper; Crystal Structure: Clastic (composed of cemented grains).
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz content)
- Color
- Tan, yellowish-brown, or buff
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz content); Color: Tan, yellowish-brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular, feels like sandpaper; Crystal Structure: Clastic (composed of cemented grains).
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in river channels, beaches, or deserts over millions of years (Paleozoic to Cenozoic eras).
Uses & applications
Used widely in the construction industry for building stone, paving, and as an aggregate. It is also a critical reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous 'Red Rocks' of the American Southwest and the city of Petra are both carved or formed from varieties of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (will scratch glass if quartz-rich) and visible lamination or bedding planes. It is found globally in sedimentary basins.
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