sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic with visible sand-sized grains; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Tan, brown, or buff
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic with visible sand-sized grains; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (detritus) like quartz or feldspar. This process (lithification) typically occurs in river beds, deserts, or marine environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Major use in construction as dimension stone for walls, paving, and decorative facades. Crushed sandstone is used in road base and glass manufacturing.
Geological facts
Sandstone can be a significant reservoir for groundwater (aquifers) and oil/gas due to its porosity. Famous examples include the red rock formations of the American Southwest and the ancient city of Petra.
Field identification & locations
Identify by a gritty 'sandpaper' feel and visible layers (bedding). It is found worldwide in sedimentary basins. Collectors often look for examples with distinct cross-bedding or fossil inclusions.
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