sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (Secondary classification based on grain size)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, brown, grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs (if quartz-rich)
- Color
- Tan, brown, grey
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, brown, grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed or deposited by the accumulation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, cemented together by silica, calcite, or iron oxide over millions of years in environments like beaches, deserts, or river beds.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in construction as building stone, pavers, and crushed stone for road base. Higher quality layers are used for decorative architecture.
Geological facts
Sandstone can preserve fossilized footprints and ripple marks from ancient water bodies. It makes up approximately 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. Found globally in canyon walls and river outcrops. To test, it should feel abrasive against a fingernail.
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