igneous
Granite
Phaneritic Igneous Rock (primarily Quartz, Feldspar, and Mica)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Salt and pepper appearance with pink, white, and grey tones; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: No true rock cleavage but individual crystals may show it.
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Salt and pepper appearance with pink, white, and grey tones
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Salt and pepper appearance with pink, white, and grey tones; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: No true rock cleavage but individual crystals may show it.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface (intrusive). Granites can date back to the Archean Eon, though they form continuously across geological time in continental crust.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction as dimension stone, countertops, floor tiles, and as aggregate for roads and railroad ballast.
Geological facts
Granite is the most common igneous rock found on Earth's continents and makes up the bulk of the continental crust. The peak of Mount Everest is actually marine limestone, but its base is composed of deep-seated granitic rocks.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its coarse-grained interlocking crystals and lack of foliation. Common in mountain ranges and shields. Collectors look for unique mineral inclusions or large phenocrysts (porphyritic texture).
