sedimentary
Sandstone (with Iron Staining)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily Quartz, SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale for quartz grains); Color: Tan, brown, and rusty orange due to iron oxide; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None (breaks across grains).
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale for quartz grains)
- Color
- Tan, brown, and rusty orange due to iron oxide
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale for quartz grains); Color: Tan, brown, and rusty orange due to iron oxide; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None (breaks across grains).
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The orange-brown staining indicates oxidation (rusting) of iron-bearing minerals like hematite or limonite within the rock during or after deposition.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, paving stone, and in the manufacturing of glass. In the collection hobby, it is often kept for its texture or potential to contain fossils.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous 'Wave' in Arizona is a world-renowned sandstone formation known for its striking red and orange layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. It is commonly found in riverbeds, deserts, and coastal areas where ancient sand deposits were buried and lithified.
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