igneous
Olivine in Basalt matrix
Peridotite (Mg, Fe)2SiO4
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Olive green to yellowish-green crystals in a tan/grey matrix; Luster: Vitreous to earthy; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic; Specific gravity: 3.2-4.4
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Olive green to yellowish-green crystals in a tan/grey matrix
- Luster
- Vitreous to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Olive green to yellowish-green crystals in a tan/grey matrix; Luster: Vitreous to earthy; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic; Specific gravity: 3.2-4.4
Formation & geological history
Formed deep in the Earth's mantle and brought to the surface by volcanic eruptions (basalic lavas). Typically found in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks.
Uses & applications
Used as a refractory material, in blast furnace flux, and as a gemstone (Peridot) when crystals are large and clear. Also used in sandblasting.
Geological facts
Olivine is one of the most common minerals in the Earth by volume, as it makes up a significant portion of the upper mantle. It is also found in many meteorites.
Field identification & locations
Identify by the distinctive lime-green 'sugary' crystal clusters set against a darker or weathered volcanic rock. Often found in volcanic regions like Hawaii or Arizona.
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