Sedimentary/Mineral

Jasper

Silica (SiO2) with impurities

Hardness 6.5-7 on Mohs scale. Opaque, massive microcrystalline quartz. Colors vary widely due to impurities (iron, manganese, etc.), often showing red, yellow, brown, or green. Vitreous to dull luster. No cleavage, conchoidal fracture. Specific gravity 2.5-2.9.

Identified June 19, 2026More sedimentary/mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in environments where silica-rich fluids precipitate in cracks and cavities of other rocks, often sedimentary or volcanic. Can form over millions of years. Impurities get trapped during formation, causing the varied colors and patterns.

Uses & applications

Commonly used in lapidary work for cabochons, pendants, beads, and carvings due to its hardness and ability to take a high polish. Minor use as an ornamental stone.

Geological facts

Jasper has a long historical significance. In the ancient world, it was highly prized and used for seals, amulets, and decorative items. The name comes from an Old French word meaning 'spotted or speckled stone'.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its opacity, hardness (scratches glass), and diverse patterns/colors. Commonly found worldwide, with notable deposits in the US (e.g., Oregon, Idaho), India, Russia, and Madagascar. Collectors look for unique patterns and distinct color combinations.