sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartz-rich)
Arenite (SiO2 based clastic rock)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Brownish-tan to grey, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic, Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 2.0-2.6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Brownish-tan to grey, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic, Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 2.0-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. These typically deposit in riverbeds, deserts, or marine environments. This specimen appears to be a water-worn river cobble from the Holocene to Pleistocene epoch.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction as building stone, road base, and concrete aggregate. High-silica varieties are used in glass manufacturing and metal casting molds.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The 'Old Red Sandstone' of Europe is a famous example that helped geologists understand the Earth's deep history and plate tectonics.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' texture and visible individual grains. It is commonly found in riverbanks, canyons, and coastal cliffs. For collectors, look for cross-bedding patterns or fossils held within the matrix.
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