sedimentary
Red Sandstone (Iron-rich)
Arenite (with Hematite cement)
Mohs hardness: 6-7 (depending on quartz content); Color: Reddish-brown to terracotta; Luster: Dull to earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (depending on quartz content)
- Color
- Reddish-brown to terracotta
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness: 6-7 (depending on quartz content); Color: Reddish-brown to terracotta; Luster: Dull to earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed over millions of years through the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, cemented by iron oxides (hematite) in terrestrial desert or river environments.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, decorative stone in masonry, paving, and occasionally for carving or as a source of silica.
Geological facts
The intense red color is due to the presence of iron oxide, which acts as a natural cement. Massive formations like the Red Rocks of Colorado or the Grand Canyon are iconic examples of this rock type.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its gritty feel and visible sand grains. In the field, look for bedding planes and its distinctive reddish-orange staining on the hands. Found globally in basins and arid regions.
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