sedimentary
Sandstone (clastic)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily composed of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or grayish; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/clastic texture (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Tan, brown, or grayish
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or grayish; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/clastic texture (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains (usually quartz or feldspar) over millions of years. This specimen shows signs of water-worn weathering, likely from a riverbed or coastal environment.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, in the manufacture of glass (if high quartz content), for grindstones, and as a reservoir rock in the petroleum industry.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for roughly 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous 'Ancient City of Petra' in Jordan is carved entirely out of sandstone cliffs.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering (faint in this specimen due to rounding). Often found in desert basins, riverbeds, and along shorelines.
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