sedimentary
Bituminous Coal
Organic Sedimentary Rock (Carbon-based)
Hardness: 0.5-2.5 (Mohs), Color: Black to dark brown with yellow-orange sulfur/clay staining, Luster: Dull to sub-metallic, Structure: Banded or massive, Cleavage: Blocky fracture
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Physical properties
Hardness: 0.5-2.5 (Mohs), Color: Black to dark brown with yellow-orange sulfur/clay staining, Luster: Dull to sub-metallic, Structure: Banded or massive, Cleavage: Blocky fracture
Formation & geological history
Formed through the deep burial and biochemical alteration of plant matter in peat bogs over millions of years (Carboniferous to Cretaceous periods) under high pressure and heat.
Uses & applications
Primary source of fuel for electric power generation, used in the manufacturing of iron and steel (coking coal), and various industrial chemical processes.
Geological facts
Bituminous coal is the most abundant rank of coal. It contains significantly more energy than lignite but less than anthracite. It often contains sulfur, which causes the yellowish oxidation seen on the surface.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its blocky fracturing, black streak, lightweight nature compared to silica-rocks, and dirty residue. Commonly found in massive underground seams in regions like Appalachia in the US or various basins in China.
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