sedimentary
Sandstone (with Iron Staining)
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily Quartz - SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: Tan, beige, or grey with iron-oxide (rust) staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (individual grains)
- Color
- Tan, beige, or grey with iron-oxide (rust) staining
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: Tan, beige, or grey with iron-oxide (rust) staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Usually deposited in riverbeds, deserts, or coastal environments over millions of years (typically Paleozoic to Cenozoic eras).
Uses & applications
Major construction material for buildings, road base, and dimension stone. Sometimes used in glass making if the quartz purity is high enough. Primarily a common landscape or decorative stone in this specific raw form.
Geological facts
Sandstone is often porous enough to act as a 'reservoir' for ground water, oil, and natural gas. It is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on Earth's crust.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'gritty' feel (like sandpaper) and visible layering or bedding planes. Common worldwide, especially in arid basins or ancient riverbeds. Look for quartz grains reflecting light.
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