sedimentary
Sandstone (specifically Arkose or Ferruginous Sandstone)
Sandstone (SiO2 predominant)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Brown, reddish-brown, tan; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic texture with granular grains; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Brown, reddish-brown, tan
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Brown, reddish-brown, tan; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic texture with granular grains; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Often found in riverbeds, deserts, or marine environments. This specimen appears weathered and may date from various geological periods depending on location.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, in paving, for making grindstones, or as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas. Some varieties are used in landscaping.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for approximately 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon and Petra in Jordan are primarily composed of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering (stratification) if present. It is commonly found in areas where ancient coastlines or river deltas once existed. Collectors should look for unique fossils or color banding within the specimen.
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