sedimentary
Sandstone (Banded Sandstone)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily SiO2 with iron oxide impurities)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Red, brown, and yellow bands; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Red, brown, and yellow bands
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Red, brown, and yellow bands; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. The distinct color banding (liesegang rings) results from the precipitation of iron and manganese oxides by groundwater in porous rock over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction, paving, decorative landscaping, and as a medium for stone sculpture. Small polished pieces are often kept as desk accessories or collectibles.
Geological facts
Sandstone contains about 20-25% of the world's groundwater. The colors are largely decorative indicators of oxidation states; reds and yellows indicate different levels of hematite or limonite-based iron oxides.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layers or bands. Frequently found in desert environments, riverbeds, and ancient marine basins. Collectors look for sharp, high-contrast banding.
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