sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartz Arenite)
Sandstone (dominated by SiO2 quartz grains)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or buff due to iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Tan, brown, or buff due to iron oxide staining
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or buff due to iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cemented lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Often formed in riverbeds, deserts, or coastal environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, in paving, for making grindstones, or as a source of silica for glass making.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for roughly 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon and Petra in Jordan are both made primarily of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' texture and visible grain layers. Often found in outcrops across the American Southwest and river valleys. It will scratch glass but feel rough to the touch.
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